Multiplication Tables

What is multiplication?

The process of finding out the product between two or more numbers is called multiplication. The result thus obtained is called the product. Suppose you buy 6 pens on one day and 6 pens on the next day. Total pens you bought are now 2 times 6 or 6 + 6 = 12.

This can also be written as 2 x 6 = 12

Not the symbol used for multiplication. The symbol (x) is generally used to represent multiplication. Other common symbols that are used for multiplication are the asterisk (*) and dot (.) 

Now let us understand what is a multiplication table?

What is a multiplication table?

A multiplication table is a list of multiples of a number. In other words, it shows the product of one number with other numbers. So, how do we get a multiplication table? We can obtain a multiplication table by multiplying the given number with whole numbers.

Importance of Multiplication Tables

Multiplication is the main tool for many forms of maths such as algebra, calculus, equations and other arithmetic operations. So, why is it important to learn multiplication tables? So, is it to increase the speed of calculations only or there are other benefits as well? Let us find out.

Other than helping in faster calculations, there are a number of benefits of learning mathematical tables, some of which are –

• Multiplication Tables support the mathematical learning of a person.
• Learning multiplication tables helps you get a stronghold of the various properties of multiplication.
• By starting with smaller multiplication tables and gradually building up, we get to learn other multiplication tables in an easier manner.
• Learning multiplication tables does not only help in solving multiplication problems. They help in improving the efficiency and speed of doing addition, subtraction and division as well.
• Multiplication tables help in solving real life applications.
• Perhaps most importantly, memorising multiplication tables will give you confidence in your own skills.

Let us now learn the multiplication table from 2 to 20.

Multiplication Table of 2

2 × 1 = 2	2 × 6 = 12
2 × 2 = 4	2 × 7 = 14
2 × 3 = 6	2 × 8 = 16
2 × 4 = 8	2 × 9 = 18
2 × 5 = 10	2 × 10 = 20
2 x 11 = 22	2 x 12 = 24
2 x 13 = 26	2 x 14 = 28
2 x 15 = 30	2 x 16 = 32
2 x 17 = 34	2 x 18 = 36
2 x 19 = 38	2 x 20 = 40

Multiplication Table of 3

3 × 1 = 3	3 × 6 = 18
3 × 2 = 6	3 × 7 = 21
3 × 3 = 9	3 × 8 = 24
3 × 4 = 12	3 × 9 = 27
3 × 5 = 15	3 × 10 = 30
3 x 11 = 33	3 x 12 = 36
3 x 13 = 39	3 x 14 = 42
3 x 15 = 45	3 x 16 = 48
3 x 17 = 51	3 x 18 = 54
3 x 19 = 57	3 x 20 = 60

Multiplication Table of 4

4 × 1 = 4	4 × 6 = 24
4 × 2 = 8	4 × 7 = 28
4 × 3 = 12	4 × 8 = 32
4 × 4 = 16	4 × 9 = 36
4 × 5 = 20	4 × 10 = 40
4 x 11 = 44	4 x 12 = 48
4 x 13 = 52	4 x 14 = 56
4 x 15 = 60	4 x 16 = 64
4 x 17 = 68	4 x 18 = 72
4 x 19 = 76	4 x 20 = 80

Multiplication Table of 5

5 × 1 = 5	5 × 6 = 30
5 × 2 = 10	5 × 7 = 35
5 × 3 = 15	5 × 8 = 40
5 × 4 = 20	5 × 9 = 45
5 × 5 = 25	5 × 10 = 50
5 x 11 = 55	5 x 12 = 60
5 x 13 = 65	5 x 14 = 70
5 x 15 = 75	5 x 16 = 80
5 x 17 = 85	5 x 18 = 90
5 x 19 = 95	5 x 20 = 100

Multiplication Table of 6

6 × 1 = 6	6 ×11 = 66
6 × 2 = 12	6 × 12 = 72
6 × 3 = 18	6× 13 = 78
6 × 4 = 24	6 × 14 = 84
6 × 5 = 30	6 × 15 = 90
6 × 6 = 36	6 × 16 = 96
6 × 7 = 42	6 × 17 = 102
6 × 8 = 48	6× 18 = 108
6 × 9 = 54	6 × 19 = 114
6 × 10 = 60	6 × 20 = 120

Multiplication Table of 7

7 × 1 = 7	7 × 6 = 42
7 × 2 = 14	7 × 7 = 49
7 × 3 = 21	7 × 8 = 56
7 × 4 = 28	7 × 9 = 63
7 × 5 = 35	7 × 10 = 70
7 X 11 = 77	7 X 12 = 84
7 X 13 = 91	7 X 14 = 98
7 X 15 = 105	7 X 16 = 112
7 X 17 = 119	7 X 18 = 126
7 X 19 = 133	7 X 20 = 140

Multiplication Table of 8

8 × 1 = 8	8 × 6 = 48
8 × 2 = 16	8 × 7 = 56
8 × 3 = 24	8 × 8 = 64
8 × 4 = 32	8 × 9 = 72
8 × 5 = 40	8 × 10 = 80
8 x 11 = 88	8 x 12 = 96
8 x 13 = 104	8 x 14 = 112
8 x 15 = 120	8 x 16 = 128
8 x 17 = 136	8 x 18 = 144
8 x 19 = 152	8 x 20 = 160

Multiplication Table of 9

9 × 1 = 9	9 × 6 = 54
9 × 2 = 18	9 × 7 = 63
9 × 3 = 27	9 × 8 = 72
9× 4 = 36	9 × 9 = 81
9 × 5 = 45	9× 10 = 90
9  x11 = 99	9 x 12 = 108
9  x13 = 117	9  x14 = 126
9 x 15 = 135	9 x 16 = 144
9 x 17 = 153	9 x 18 = 162
9 x 19 = 171	9 x 20 = 180

Multiplication Table of 10

10 × 1 = 10	10 × 6 = 60
10 × 2 = 20	10 × 7 = 70
10 × 3 = 30	10 × 8 = 80
10 × 4 = 40	10 × 9 = 90
10 × 5 = 50	10 × 10 = 100
10  x 11 = 110	10  x 12 = 120
10  x 13 = 130	10  x 14 = 140
10 x 15 = 150	10 x 16 = 160
10 x 17 = 170	10 x 18 = 180
10 x 19 = 190	10 x 20 = 200

Multiplication Table of 11

11 × 1 = 11	11 × 6 = 66
11 × 2 = 22	11 × 7 = 77
11 × 3 = 33	11 × 8 = 88
11 × 4 = 44	11 × 9 = 99
11 × 5 = 55	11 × 10 = 110
11  x 11 = 121	11 x 12 = 132
11 x 13 = 143	11 x 14 = 154
11 x 15 = 165	11 x 16 = 176
11 x 17 = 187	11 x 18 = 198
11 x 19 = 209	11 x 20 = 220

Multiplication Table of 12

2 × 1 = 12	12 × 6 = 72
12 × 2 = 24	12 × 7 = 84
12 × 3 = 36	12 × 8 = 96
12 × 4 = 48	12 × 9 = 108
12 × 5 = 60	12 × 10 = 120
12 x 11 = 132	12 x 12 = 144
12  x 13 = 156	12 x 14 = 168
12 x 15 = 180	12 x 16 = 192
12 x 17 = 204	12 x 18 = 216
12 x 19 = 228	12 x 20 = 240

Multiplication Table of 13

13 × 1 = 13	13 × 6 = 78
13 × 2 = 26	13 × 7 = 91
13 × 3 = 39	13 × 8 = 104
13 × 4 = 52	13 × 9 = 117
13 × 5 = 65	13 × 10 = 130
13 x 11 = 143	13 x 12 = 156
13 x 13 = 169	13 x 14 = 182
13 x 15 = 195	13 x 16 = 208
13 x 17 = 221	13 x 18 = 234
13 x 19 = 247	13 x 20 = 260

Multiplication Table of 14

14 × 1 = 14	14 × 6 = 84
14 × 2 = 28	14 × 7 = 98
14 × 3 = 42	14 × 8 = 112
14 × 4 = 56	14 × 9 = 126
14 × 5 = 70	14 × 10 = 140
14 x 11 = 154	14 x 12 = 168
14 x 13 = 182	14 x 14 = 196
14 x 15 = 210	14 x 16 = 224
14 x 17 = 238	14 x 18 = 252
14 x 19 = 266	14 x 20 = 280

Multiplication Table of 15

15 × 1 = 15	15 × 6 = 90
15 × 2 = 30	15 × 7 = 105
15 × 3 = 45	15 × 8 = 120
15 × 4 = 60	15 × 9 = 135
15 × 5 = 75	15 × 10 = 150
15 x 11 = 165	15 x 12 = 180
15 x 13 = 195	15 x 14 = 210
15 x 15 = 225	15 x 16 = 240
15 x 17 = 255	15 x 18 = 270
15 x 19 = 285	15 x 20 = 300

Multiplication Table of 16

16 × 1 = 16	16 × 6 = 96
16 × 2 = 32	16 × 7 = 112
16 × 3 = 48	16 × 8 = 128
16 × 4 = 64	16 × 9 = 144
16 × 5 = 80	16 × 10 = 160
16 x 11 = 176	16 x 12 = 192
16 x 13 = 208	16 x 14 = 224
16 x 15 = 240	16 x 16 = 256
16 x 17 = 272	16 x 18 = 288
16  x 19 = 304	16 x 20 = 320

Multiplication Table of 17

7 × 1 = 17	17 × 6 = 102
17 × 2 = 34	17 × 7 = 119
17 × 3 = 51	17 × 8 = 136
17 × 4 = 68	17 × 9 = 153
17 × 5 = 85	17 × 10 = 170
17 x 11 = 187	17 x 12 = 204
17 x 13 = 221	17 x 14 = 238
17 x 15 = 255	17 x 16 = 272
17 x 17 = 289	17 x 18 = 306
17 x 19 = 323	17 x 20 = 340

Multiplication Table of 18

8 × 1 = 18	18 × 6 = 108
18 × 2 = 36	18 × 7 = 126
18 × 3 = 54	18 × 8 = 144
18 × 4 = 72	18 × 9 = 162
18 × 5 = 90	18 × 10 = 180
18 x 11 = 198	18 x 12 = 216
18 x 13 = 234	18 x 14 = 252
18 x 15 = 270	18 x 16 = 288
18 x 17 = 306	18 x 18 = 324
18 x 19 = 342	18 x 20 = 360

Multiplication Table of 19

19 × 1 = 19	19 × 6 = 114
19 × 2 = 38	19 × 7 = 133
19 × 3 = 57	19 × 8 = 152
19 × 4 = 76	19 × 9 = 171
19 × 5 = 95	19 × 10 = 190
19 x 11 = 209	19 x 12 = 228
19 x 13 = 247	19 x 14  = 266
19 x 15 = 285	19 x 16 = 304
19 x 17 = 323	19 x 18 = 342
19 x 19 = 361	19 x 20 = 380

Multiplication Table of 20

20 × 1 = 20	20 × 6 = 120
20 × 2 = 40	20 × 7 = 140
20 × 3 = 60	20 × 8 = 160
20 × 4 = 80	20 × 9 = 180
20 × 5 = 100	20 × 10 = 200
20 x 11 = 220	20 x 12 = 240
20 x 13 = 260	20 x 14 = 280
20 x 15 = 300	20 x 16 = 320
20 x 17 = 340	20 x 18 = 360
20 x 19 = 380	20 x 20 = 400

Solved Examples

Example 1    

Anna wants to buy 15 chocolates. If the cost of one chocolate is 10 pence, using the multiplication table of 15, estimate the cost of 10 pencils in pounds?

Solution              

We have been given that Anna wants to buy 15 chocolates. It has also been given that the cost of one chocolate is 10 pence. We need to find out the cost of 10 pencils using the multiplication table of 15.

Now let us check the multiplication table of 15. We can see that 15 x 10 = 150.

Therefore, the cost of 10 chocolates is 150 pence.

We know that 1 pound = 100 pence.

Therefore, the cost of 10 chocolates = £1.5

Example 2    

Henry wants to give each of his 12 friends, 5 pencils each. Using the multiplication table of 5, find how many pencils does he need to buy for the same.

Solution              

We have been given that Henry wants to give each of his 12 friends, 5 pencils each.

Let us check the multiplication table of 5.

We have,

5 x 12 = 60

Therefore, Henry needs to buy 60 pencils so as to give each of his 12 friends, 5 pencils each.

Can this problem be solved using any other multiplication table? Let us find out.

We know that multiplication satisfies the commutative property, which means that for any two numbers, a and b,

a x b = b x a

This means that 5 x 12 = 12 x 5

If we look at the multiplication tables of 5 and 12 we will see that both 5 x 12 and 12 x 5 give us the same answer, i.e. 60. Hence, we can use the table of 12 as well to solve this problem.

This implies that we need not learn all the tables individually, as the tables have repeated calculations of two numbers. Hence, by learning just a few multiplication tables, we can master the art of multiplication.

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